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"Tasked with urban operations, soldiers think of buildings.  The initial mental image is of physical forms--skyscrapers or huts...  This focus on 'terrain' leads to the assumption that military operations would be more challenging in a Munich than in a Mogadishu.  But the latter 'primitive' city brutally foiled an international intervention launched with humanitarian intent, while 'complex' Munich whimpered into submission at the end of the fiercest war in history.  The difference lay not in the level of physical development, but in the human architecture."

- Ralph Peters

Urban Warfare 2003 Conference - Infonex Defense - 17 - 18 June 2003, Washington, D.C.

OIF, OT, OF - AARs, Observations, Analysis, and Comments

1 June 2003

Added Joint Urban Warrior Information Paper (JFCOM and USMC - PDF) to the Concepts Page.

Linked to Armor, Air Support, Troops all Being Saluted by Sig Christenson (San Antonio Express-News), Saddam's Son Left Baghdad Unprotected, and U.S. Waltzed In by Robert Collier (Chicago Sun-Times), Battle Report: Inside Skinny From a Colonel in Iraq (SFTT), MoD Set to Replace Unpopular SA80 Rifle by Brian Brady (Scotland on Sunday), and A-10 Retirement Move Threatens Troop Security by Ralph Omholt (SFTT) from the Iraqi Freedom AAR/Observations Page.

Linked to U.S. Military Convoy Attacked in Baghdad by Patrick Tyler (New York Times), Two U.S. Soldiers Wounded in Baghdad Attack by Alistair Lyon (Reuters), Iraqi Military Reconstruction (Global Security.org), U.S. to Appoint Iraqi Leadership (BBC), Turning on the Lights in Baghdad by Jeffrey Sparshott (Washington Times), Iraq's Once-Privileged Sunnis Increasingly See U.S. as Enemy by Anthony Shadid (Washington Post), Hardship and Nostalgia in Iraq by Jeremy Bowen (BBC), Allied Officials Now Allow Iraqi Civilians to Keep Assault Rifles by Edmund Andrews (New York Times), Crackdown on 'Baath' Police (BBC), Iraqi Communists Push for Political Comeback (AP), Basra Protests Against U.K. Leader (BBC), Iraq's Food Rationing System Resumes by Hamza Hendawi (AP), and The Dollar and the Dinar by William Booth (Washington Post) from the Post-War Iraq Page.

Linked to Potential Indicators of Threat Involving Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (U.S. Department of Homeland Security - PDF) from the Homeland Security and Threat Pages.

Linked to Sewers Vulnerable to Terror Attacks, Some Fear by Paul Singer (Baltimore Sun) from the Homeland Security Page.

Linked to U.S., Russia Warn Iran, North Korea on Nuclear Arms by Terrence Hunt (AP) from the Iran and Korea Pages.

Linked to Iran's Kharrazi Rejects Likelihood of U.S. Attack (Reuters), Iran's 'Neo-Conservatives' Try to Defuse U.S. Tension by Paul Hughes (Reuters), and Bush and Putin Narrow Their Gap on Iran by Steve Holland (Reuters) from the Iran Page.

Linked to Wolfowitz Defends Troops Shift in South Korea by Kenji Hall (AP), Wolfowitz Says U.S. Troops Must Adapt in Korea by Carol Giacomo (Reuters), and U.S. Seeks Asian Allies to Pressure North Korea by D'arcy Doran (AP) from the Korea Page.

Linked to Saudis Arrest More Bombing Suspects; Total Now 21 (BBC) and Mueller: Saudi Attacks Resemble Al Qaeda by Adnan Malik (AP) from the Saudi Arabia Page.

Linked to Al Jazeera Defends War Reports (BBC) from the Environment and Middle East Pages.

Linked to Israel Eases Palestinian Travel Restrictions by Ravi Nessman (AP), Israel Eases Palestinian Closures (BBC), and 'Little Change' After Israel Lifts Ban (BBC) from the Israel-Palestinians Page.

Linked to Maskhadov Announces Summer Campaign Against Russians in Chechnya (Radio Free Europe) and Chechen Rebels Flag New Campaign Against Russia by Oliver Bullough (Reuters) from the Chechnya Page.

Linked to Colombia's Long Civil War Spreads Turmoil to Venezuela by Juan Forero (New York Times) from the Colombia and South America Pages.

Linked to Fresh Massacre in DR Congo (BBC) and Corruption Costs Kenya $1 Billion a Year (BBC) from the Africa Page.

Linked to Body of 'Warlord' Back in Freetown (BBC) from the Liberia Page.

Linked to Zimbabwe Protests 'Will Go Ahead' (BBC) from the Zimbabwe Page.

31 May 2003

Added Precision Room Clearing in Urban Operations by Captain Jose Devalrona, Thomas Odom, and Sergeant First Class Robert Ehrlich (JRTC CALL Cell) and Mitigating Risks in Light/Heavy Integration at the Tactical Level by Captian Daniel Teeter (USA - JRTC Operations Group) from the Doctrine/TTP Page.

Linked to Bombing by the Numbers by Fred Kaplan (Slate), British Postwar Approach Provides Model for U.S. (USA Today),  Rumsfeld Praises U.K. Iraq Role (BBC), Tenet Defends Iraq Intelligence by Walter Pincus (Washington Post), and The Defense Matrix and Australia's National Defense Policy (OIF/OF Lessons) by Max Walsh and Fred Brenchley (The Bulletin) from the Iraqi Freedom AAR/Observations Page.

Linked to Iran Liable for Beirut Marine Barracks Bombing (BBC) from the Iran and Lebanon Pages.

Linked to Bush: 'We Found Banned Weapons' by Mike Allen (Washington Post), Iraq Arms Hunt Will Shift to New Sites by Matt Kelley (AP), U.S. to Field New Arms Team to Search Iraq by Rowan Scarborough (Washington Times), U.S. Widens Iraq Weapons Hunt (BBC), and Iraqi Village Fears Nuclear Contamination by Bassem Mroue (AP) from the Post-War Iraq Page.

Linked to U.S. to Spend $11 Billion on Military in South Korea (Reuters) and U.S. Wants Multilateral Approach for North Korea by Sonia Kolesnikov (UPI) from the Korea Page.

Linked to U.S. to Realign Military Forces Worldwide in Fight on Terrorism (AP), President Bush to Europe; Unite Against Terrorism by Tom Raum (AP), Terrorism Alert Level Lowered to Yellow by John Mintz (Washington Post) and U.S. Drops Terror Alert Level to 'Yellow' by John Lumpkin (AP) from the Homeland Security Page.

Linked to Iran Disputes U.S. on Actions in Iraq by Neil MacFarquhar (New York Times) from the Iran Page.

Linked to Americans Warned About Gaza Kidnap Plot by Ravi Nessman (AP), Arab Responsibility for Peace Emphasized by Joseph Curl (Washington Times), and Israel, Palestinians Near Militants' Deal by Ravi Nessman (AP) from the Israel-Palestinians Page.

Linked to Philippine Camps are Training Al Qaeda's Allies, Officials Say by Raymond Bonner (New York Times) and Philippines Checks Terrorist Training Report (Reuters) from the Philippines Page.

Linked to U.S. Steers Indonesia Away from War Against Separatists by Jane Perlez (New York Times) from the Indonesia Page.

Linked to Pakistanis Must Learn From U.S. Generals by Husain Haqqani (Gulf News) from the Pakistan Page.

Linked to Two Russian Soldiers Die in Chechen Rebel Attack (Reuters) from the Chechnya Page.

Linked to U.N. Approves French-Led Peacekeepers for Congo by Emily Wax (Washington Post) and Security Council Votes to Dispatch Peacekeepers to Congo by Felicity Barringer (New York Times) from the Africa Page.

29 - 30 May 2003

Linked to DARPA: Blazing the Trail for Tech by Benjamin Pimentel (San Francisco Chronicle) from the Technologies Page.

Linked to U.S. Commander Says War is Not Over in Iraq by Scott Wilson (Washington Post), U.S. Military May Soon Target Troubled Iraqi Areas by Chris Tomlinson (AP), U.S. Soldier Killed in Iraq Clash (AP), U.S. Bearing Down in Iraq After Attacks Kill, Injure Troops (Washington Times), 'War Goes On', U.S. General Says (The Scotsman), U.S. Still Fighting Saddam's Forces (BBC), Iraqi Attacks on U.S. Forces: Isolated Acts? by Ilene Prusher (Christian Science Monitor), U.S. Faces Phalanx of Dangerous, Destabilizing Groups in Iraq by Denis Gray (AP), G.I.'s in Desert Town Face Rising Iraqi Hostility by Patrick Tyler (New York Times), Iraqis in Basra Chafe at Authority by William Booth (Washington Post), Blair is Warned of Plot to Subvert Victory by Fraser Nelson (The Scotsman), Blair, Visiting Basra, Tells of Challenges Ahead by Marc Lacey (New York Times), In Search of Homes, U.S. Troops Cross Threshold of Unrest by Anthony Shadid (Washington Post), Qurna: Paradise Lost by Marc Lacey (New York Times), Islamic Justice Taking Hold in Baghdad by Anthony Shadid (Washington Post), Communist Party in Iraq Plans Comeback by Slobodan Lekic (AP), Two Trailers Deemed Biological Arms Labs by Rowan Scarborough (Washington Times), Truck Trailers Could be Linked to Iraqi Bio Weapons by John Lumpkin (AP), U.S. Hedges on Finding Banned Iraqi Weapons by Karen DeYoung and Walter Pincus (Washington Post), In Rush for Closure, Iraqis Destroy Evidence of Mass Murder by Ilene Prusher (Christian Science Monitor), Iraqi Mass Killing Suspect Released in Error (BBC), Global Network Aids Theft of Iraqi Artifacts by Edmund Andrews (New York Times), U.N.'s Iraq Envoy Criticizes U.S. (BBC), and Diplomatic Immunity Ends for Saddam Era Envoys (Reuters) from the Post-War Iraq Page.

Linked to U.S. May Lower Terror Level From 'High' by John Lumpkin (AP) and Suspected Terror Group's Assets Blocked by Jeannine Aversa (AP) from the Homeland Security Page.

Linked to German Soldier Killed in Afghanistan (BBC) from the Afghanistan Page.

Linked to Saudis Capture 11 Al Qaeda Suspects by Peter Finn (Washington Post) and Saudi Royals Targeted for Revenge Hits by John Bradley (Washington Times) from the Saudi Arabia Page.

Linked to Is Iran Next After Iraq? by Justin Webb (BBC), Analysis: Iran Could Change the Region by Anwar Iqbal (UPI), Iranian Apathy May Hinder U.S. Bid to Foment Unrest by Karl Vick (Washington Post), Al Qaeda 'Leaders' May be in Custody - Contradicts Earlier Statement by Ali Akbar Dareini (AP), Supreme Leader Says Iran Won't 'Give In' to Pressure From U.S. by Stephan Smith (Agence France-Presse), Iran Says it Won't Bow to U.S. Pressure by Modher Amin (UPI), and Iran's Youth Seek Future Overseas (BBC) from the Iran Page.

Linked to Americans Warned on Gaza Kidnap Threats by Lisa Adams (AP), U.S. Issues Gaza Kidnap Warning for Americans by James Rodgers (BBC), In West Bank, Both Sides Mistrust 'Road Map' by Cameron Barr (Christian Science Monitor), Israel Vows to Look at Palestinian State by Mark Lavie (AP), and Sharon to Ease Some Curbs on Palestinians by Molly Moore (Washington Post) from the Israel-Palestinians Page.

Linked to Bush: Middle East Nations Must End Terror Aid (AP) and Arabs Resigned to Arafat's Absence by Nicholas Kralev (Washington Times) from the Middle East Page.

Linked to Two Bali Bombing Suspects Say Network is Led by Cleric by Alan Sipress (Washington Post) and U.N. Fears for Aceh Civilians (BBC) from the Indonesia Page.

Linked to U.N. Agrees on DR Congo Force (BBC), France to Send Forces to DR Congo by Colum Lynch (Washington Post) and France to Lead Congo International Force by William Reilly (UPI) from the Africa Page.

Linked to Liberia 'Too Unsafe for Aid' (BBC) from the Liberia Page.

Linked to Pakistan Police Arrest Militant (BBC) from the Pakistan Page.

Linked to Gun Battle in Kashmir (BBC) from the Kashmir Page.

27 - 28 May 2003

Added With The 'Marne 500' in Iraq (3rd Infantry Division), 5th Marines Operation Iraqi Freedom Chronology (RCT 5), and Report From 'Postwar' Iraq (SFTT) to the Iraqi Freedom AAR/Observations Page.

Added to the Quotes Page.

Linked to The Military Lessons of Operation Iraqi Freedom by Michael Noonan (Foreign Policy Research Institute), M1A1 Tank Performance in Iraq (PowerPoint Brief - SFTT), Secrets Galore From Iraq by David Hackworth (Defense Watch), Beef Up Our Support Troops by William Sauerwein (Defense Watch), 'Good Kills' (3rd Battalion, 4th Marines) by Peter Maas (New York Times Magazine), For Army Units, A Good Mattress is a Humvee's Hood by Warren Richey (Christian Science Monitor), Making U.S. Forces Run Smoothly, One Engine at a Time by Warren Richey (Christian Science Monitor), Media: Good News From the Front by William Arkin (Los Angeles Times), Operation Telic: Air Support 'Failed U.K. Troops' (BBC), RAF Denies War Strategy Put Troops at Risk by Hamish MacDonell (The Scotsman), and Media: In the Midst of the Iraq War and Always on the Phone by Ilene Prusher (Christian Science Monitor) from the Iraqi Freedom AAR/Observations Page.

Linked to Close Combat and Learning Infantry Tactics by Major Brendan McBreen (USMC, 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, Infantry Training Website) from the Training Page.

Linked to Urban Warfare Takes Creative Solutions by Dan Caterinicchia (Federal Computer Week) and Urban Warfare IT Has 'Missing Link" by Dan Caterinicchia (Federal Computer Week) from the Concepts and Technologies Pages

Linked to Saddam Faithful Refuse to Surrender by Paul Martin (Washington Times), Firefight Kills Two U.S. Soldiers, Wounds Nine by Anthony Shadid (Washington Post), Iraq Attack Shows Post-War Danger for U.S. by Bassem Mroue (AP), Loyalists to Saddam Kill Two More U.S. Soldiers by Betsy Pisik (Washington Times), Two Soldiers Dead, Nine Wounded in Ambush by Pamela Hess (UPI), Gunmen Kill 2 U.S. Soldiers in Central Iraq Firefight by Patrick Tyler (New York Times), U.S. Soldiers Die in New Attack (BBC), 2 Soldiers Killed, 4 Wounded in Iraq by Bassem Mroue (AP), Troops, Iraqis Involved in Firefight (UPI), U.S. Soldiers Die in Iraq Attack (BBC), Suicide Attacker a Heroine to Angry Iraqis by Scott Wilson (Washington Post), Slow Recovery Bewilders Iraqis by Anthony Shadid (Washington Post), U.S. Troops' Role in Iraq Likened to Occupation of Postwar Japan by Rowan Scarborough (Washington Times), Kurds Struggle to Transcend Saddam Hussein's Legacy by Cameron Barr (Christian Science Monitor), Iraqi Top Cop Fired for Baath Ties by Jim Krane (AP), Baathists Need Not Apply in Kirkuk by Danna Harman (Christian Science Monitor), Iraqi Army Officers Protest Army's Dissolution by Ghassan al-Kadi (UPI), Bremer Shifts Focus to New Iraqi Economy by Scott Wilson (Washington Post), Rumsfeld Sets Out 'Principles' to Lead Iraq to Democracy by Rowan Scarborough (Washington Times), U.N. Iraq Envoy Says He Will 'Hit the Ground Running' (BBC), and New U.N. Envoy: 'Iraqi People Come First' by Edith Lederer (AP) from the Post-War Iraq Page.

Linked to Taliban Regroups in Attempt to Harass U.S. Troops by Zahid Hussain (London Times) from the Afghanistan and Pakistan Pages.

Linked to New Coalition Commander Takes Control by Todd Pitman (AP) from the Afghanistan Page.

Linked to 'Lone Wolves' Pose Explosive Terror Threat by Alexandra Marks (Christian Science Monitor) from the Homeland Security and Threat Pages.

Linked to U.S. and Russia Press Iran on Al Qaeda, Weapons by Glenn Kessler (Washington Post), U.S. Accuses Iran of Harboring Al Qaeda by George Gedda (AP), Iran Says it Made Al Qaeda Arrests (Reuters), U.S. Weighs a Tougher Iran Stance by Howard LaFranchi (Christian Science Monitor), U.S. Still Critical of Iran Despite Al Qaeda Arrests by Steven Weisman (New York Times), U.S. Hopes for Peaceful Solution on Iran by George Gedda (AP), and U.S. Rejects Iran's Nuclear Denial (BBC) from the Iran Page.

Linked to Saudis Arrest Key Suspect in Riyadh Bombings by Fahd al-Frayyan (Reuters) and Saudis 'Arrest Bomb Suspects' (BBC) from the Saudi Arabia Page.

Linked to Al Jazeera Chief 'Sacked' (BBC) from the Middle East Page.

Linked to At the DMZ, Troops Fight a 'Ghost War' by Willis Witter (Washington Times) and North Korean Ship 'Heroin Haul Found' by Dominic Hughes (BBC) from the Korea Page.

Linked to Military Increases Efforts Against Separatists by Chris Brummitt (AP), Jakarta Steps Up Aceh Campaign (BBC), and Foreign Aid Hit by Aceh Violence (BBC) from the Indonesia Page.

Linked to Muslim Rebels Declare Cease-Fire in Philippines (AP) and Philippines Rebels Call Ceasefire (BBC) from the Philippines Page.

Linked to Colombian Rebels Abandon Arms Under Reintegration Program by Rachel Van Dongren (Christian Science Monitor) from the Colombia Page.

Linked to Pakistanis Weigh Stance on Kashmir by John Lancaster (Washington Post) from the Kashmir Page.

Linked to Congo War Toll Soars as U.N. Pleads for Help by Somini Sengupta (New York Times), Second Quake Strikes Algeria (Reuters), and Fresh Earthquake Strikes Algeria (BBC) from the Africa Page.

Linked to Signs of Peace in Ivory Coast by Kate Davenport (BBC) from the Ivory Coast Page.

26 May 2003

Memorial Day - Remember Those Who Have Sacrificed So Much For Our Freedom

Linked to U.S. Soldier Dies in Northern Iraq Ambush by Tim Sullivan (AP), Britain Finds Iraq's 'Smoking Gun' - Top Secret Missile by Con Coughlin (News-Telegraph U.K.), Bremer Adopts Firmer Tone for U.S. Occupation of Iraq by Scott Wilson (Washington Post), Iraqis Frustrated by Shift Favoring U.S.-British Rule by Patrick Tyler (New York Times), Getting a Grip in Baghdad by Paul Reynolds (BBC), Comfort Rare in Iraq, Even for U.S. Troops by Thomas Ricks (Washington Post), Kurdish Entrepreneurs Take Lead in Iraq by Peter Goodman (Washington Post), Iraq Will Control Its Oil, Iraqi Official Asserts by Neela Banerjee (New York Times), Ethnic Tension Divides Kirkuk by Hiwa Osman (BBC), Iraqi Ingenuity Key to Return of Internet by Jim Krane (AP), and Iraqis Unhappy With U.S. TV Signals by Peter Slevin (Washington Post) from the Post-War Iraq Page.

Linked to Intercepts Show Senior Al Qaeda Operatives in Iran Played Role in Saudi Bombings by Rita Cosby (FOX), U.S. Presses Iran to Hand Over Al Qaeda Suspects by Steven Weisman (New York Times), Iran Says it Holds No Senior Al Qaeda Leaders (Reuters), U.S. Officials Seek Change of Iranian Regime by William Mann (AP), Official: U.S. to Consider Destabilizing Iran (CNN), and Iranian Reformists' Plea Gagged (BBC) from the Iran Page.

Linked to What Led to Orange: Why the Terror Alert was Raised by Unmesh Kher (Time) from the Homeland Security Page.

Linked to Hezbollah Leader Urges Resistance to Israel (Washington Times) from the Lebanon Pages.

Linked to Southern Lebanon Border Army Left Homeless by Joshua Mitnick (Washington Times) from the Lebanon Page.

Linked to Indonesia Steps Up Aceh Campaign Against Rebels by Dean Yates (Reuters), Indonesian Attacks on Rebels Continue by Chris Brummitt (AP), Aceh Rebels 'Under Air Attack (BBC), Gun Battles Kill More in Aceh (UPI), Indonesian Red Cross Says Scores of Bodies Found in Aceh (Reuters), Indonesia Bars Aid Workers From Aceh (UPI), Indonesia to Protect Civilians, Food Supplies by Dean Yates (Reuters), Young Blood by Andrew Marshall/Peusangan (Time), and Indonesia Denies Targeting Civilians (Washington Post) from the Indonesia Page.

Linked to DR Congo: We Can Only Watch the Slaughter, Say U.N. Troops (News-Telegraph U.K.), Thousands of Moroccans Turn Out Against Terrorism (Reuters), Moroccans March Against Terror (BBC), Looting, Disease Threaten Algerian Quake Survivors (AP), Rescuers Abandon Quake Search (BBC), Algeria's Quake Death Toll Tops 2,100 by John Chalmers (Reuters), and Algerian Earthquake Kills Nearly 2,200 by Juliane Von Reppert-Bismark (AP) from the Africa Page.

Linked to French Troops Thunder into Ivory Coast's Wild West by David Clarke (Reuters), French Troops Seal Ivory Coast Cease-Fire Line by David Clarke (Reuters), and Rebels Pull Back in Ivory Coast as French Move In by David Clarke (Reuters) from the Ivory Coast Page.

Linked to Fresh Killings in Kashmir (BBC) from the Kashmir Page.

25 May 2003

Spotlight on urban operations and related sites well worth visiting:

Linked to Attack on the 2 BCT TOC by Pete Kilner (Company Command), The Engineers at Objective MOE by Pete Kilner (Company Command), A Platoon Sergeant Saves the Day by Pete Kilner (Company Command), Iraqi Civilian Support for OIF by Pete Kilner (Company Command), TM Gator / TF China (3-15 INF) and the Fight on Objective Peach by Pete Kilner (Company Command), and Sergeant Major of the Army AAR by Sergeant Major Jack Tilley (Platoon Leader) from the Iraqi Freedom AAR/Observations Page.

Linked to U.S. Eyes Pressing Uprising in Iran; Al Qaeda Link by Glenn Kessler (Washington Post), Analysis: Iran-U.S. Rift Widens by Jim Muir (BBC), U.S. Cuts Off Contact With Iran (Reuters), U.S. Contemplates New Moves Against Iran by Lori Santos (Reuters), Iran Says it Takes Fight Against Al Qaeda Seriously by Paul Hughes (Reuters), and Iranians in U.S. Defend Resistance Group by Denise Barnes (Washington Times) from the Iran Page.

Linked to U.S. Alters Tactics in Baghdad Occupation by Thomas Ricks (Washington Post), Iraqis Ordered to Disarm by Mid-June by Ted Anthony (AP), U.S. Disarms Iraq Militia; Shiites React Warily by Wafa Amr (Reuters), Firefight in 'Bad Guy Central' Illustrates Danger in Northern Iraq by William Booth (Washington Post), Shiite Clerics' Ambitions Collide in an Iraqi Slum by Susan Sachs (New York Times), U.K. Forces to Scrap Basra Council by Richard Lister (BBC), British Scrap Controversial Basra Council by Andrew Marshall (Reuters), Returning to Iraq, Few Kurds Want to be Part of It by Sabrina Tavernise (New York Times), U.S.-Run Elections in Kirkuk Touted as 'First Step' for Iraqis by William Booth (Washington Post), Cleric Advocates Pluralistic Self-Government in Iraq by Susan Sachs (New York Times), Iraq Weapons Hunters Drop Outdated Leads by Dafna Linzer (AP), Their Jobs in Jeopardy, Iraqi Troops Demand Pay by Marc Lacey (New York Times), and U.S. Restores TV to Baghdad by Paul Martin (Washington Times) from the Post-War Iraq Page.

Linked to Al Qaeda Turns Against Its Own by Ian Mather (Scotland on Sunday) from the Africa, Middle East, and Threat Pages.

Linked to Lebanon's Hezbollah Says it Will Not Lay Down Arms (Reuters) from the Lebanon and Threat Pages.

Linked to Angry at Killing of Afghan Soldiers, Protesters Rush Embassy by April Witt (Washington Post) and Afghans Protest Over Shootings (BBC) from the Afghanistan Page.

Linked to History a Warning for Indonesian Military in Aceh by Dean Yates (Reuters), Probe Into Aceh Killings (BBC), and In Pictures: Caught Up In Aceh's Conflict (BBC) from the Indonesia Page.

Linked to U.K. Troops May go to DR Congo (BBC), Three Men Arrested in Morocco Bombings (AP), Lifting of Sudan Sanctions Depends on Peace Agreement by Guy Constantine (Washington Times), Algeria Earthquake Toll Tops 2,000 by Kim Housego (AP), Algeria Quake Toll Rises (BBC), and Algerian Anger Rises With Earthquake Toll (UPI) from the Africa Page.

Linked to Syria Blames Israel for U.S. Differences (Reuters) from the Syria Page.